Overall, GnRH-I mRNA expression was greatest in the nucleus commissurae pallii (nCPa) and around the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT), with less expression observed in the Nucleus septalis lateralis (SL), cortico-habenula cortico-septum area, and within the nucleus preopticus medialis. 
Telencephalic areas devoid of chBRS-3.5 signals were the entopallium, arcopallium anterius, globus pallidus, nucleus intrapeduncularis, tuberculum olfactorius, Nucleus septalis lateralis, hypothalamic and thalamic areas.
Immunolocalization demonstrated the presence of cER-alpha 66 protein in hypothalamic areas, principally the Nucleus septalis lateralis, bed nucleus striae terminalis medialis, nucleus preopticus medialis, and nucleus infundibuli hypothalami, and in the anterior pituitary gland.
Fibers immunoreactive for TH (TH-ir) were particularly abundant in the lobus parolfactorius, the paleostriatum primitivum, and the Nucleus septalis lateralis.
In four areas of the quail brain in which CRH nerve fibers and cGnRH I somata co-occurred (bed nucleus commissural pallii, nucleus preopticus medialis, Nucleus septalis lateralis and nucleus accumbens), numerous instances were found of CRH-ir nerve fibers or terminals in apposition to cGnRH I cell bodies.
A detailed analysis of the binding capacity for [ 125I]CLO was performed for parts of several functional systems: hypothalamic structures (nucleus inferior hypothalami, nucleus magnocellularis preopticus, nucleus paraventricularis), limbic system (habenula, Nucleus septalis lateralis, nucleus striae terminalis), circumventricular organs (organum pineale, organum subfornicale, plexus choroidei ventriculi tertii and ventriculi lateralis), visual system (hyperstriatum accessorium, nucleus reticularis superior, tectum opticum), and associative cortex (hyperstriatum ventrale).
Binding sites for NPY are localized with high density in the different subdivisions of the neostriatum and the hyperstriatum, the cerebellum, the Nucleus septalis lateralis and medialis, the nucleus ruber and the nucleus tractus solitarii.
A major projection in the dorsal direction was also observed from the medial preoptic nucleus toward the Nucleus septalis lateralis and medialis.
ir-cGnRH II fibers were prominent in limbic structures (cortex piriformis, lateral to nucleus taeniae, hippocampus); olfactory areas (tuberculum olfactorium, nucleus subhabenularis lateralis, Nucleus septalis lateralis); areas that in other avian species have steroid-concentrating cells or receptors (medial edge of lobus parolfactorius, nucleus septalis medialis, nucleus periventricularis magnocellularis, nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami); and areas containing ir-GnRH I cells or fibers but not in median eminence.
Following 3H-T or 3H-E2 injection and autoradiography, labelled cells were found in Nucleus septalis lateralis (SL), nucleus preopticus medialis (POM), nucleus paraventricularis (PVN), regio lateralis hypothalami (LHy), nucleus inferior hypothalami (IH), nucleus infundibuli (IN), nucleus intercollicularis (ICo), substantia grisea centralis (GCt), nucleus taeniae (Tn), and in the reticular formation near nucleus motorius nervi trigemini (MV).
In the septum verum, few VP fibers were found in the Nucleus septalis lateralis and medialis (NSL and NSM), and in the bed nucleus of the anterior commissure.
Afferents from the telencephalon arise from cells of the area preoptica, area superficialis basalis, striatum, Nucleus septalis lateralis, and area subpallialis 1.
Additional perikarya were also detected in the nucleus hypothalamicus posterior medialis in the hypothalamus and in the non-hypothalamic nucleus accumbens, Nucleus septalis lateralis and nucleus dorsomedialis and dorsolateralis thalami.
Administration of testosterone to castrated rats not only did not reverse the castration-induced decrease in 5-HTP synthesis in the DR and NCS, but also decreased 5-HT synthesis in the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis (AGC) and the Nucleus septalis lateralis (LS).
In vivo rates of 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation (following administration of the decarboxylase inhibitor R04/4602/1) and levels of 5-HT in the nucleus raphe dorsalis (DR), nucleus centralis superior (NCS), Nucleus septalis lateralis (LS), nucleus suprachiasmaticus (SCN), nucleus hypothalamicus anterior (AH), and nucleus amygdaloideus centralis (AG) were determined following administration of fluoxetine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, methiothepin, L-tryptophan and reserpine.
Dopamine levels are increased in the nucleus preopticus medialis, 2 and 4 h after stress, and decreased in the Nucleus septalis lateralis, throughout the acute stress period.
Projections from POM and AM-PMH were traced to Nucleus septalis lateralis, nucleus dorsomedialis thalami, nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami (pars ventralis), posterior hypothalamic and medial mammillary areas, area ventralis tegmenti (Tsai), central gray of midbrain and nucleus intercollicularis and substantia grisea periventricularis of the midbrain.
In the telencephalon labeled cells were particularly concentrated in nucleus magnocellularis neostriatalis anterioris, Nucleus septalis lateralis, and hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale.
Very high dopamine concentrations were measured in the olfactory tubercle, the nucleus accumbens, the caudate nucleus and the rostral part of the medial forebrain bundle; the globus pallidus, the nucleus tractus diagonalis and the Nucleus septalis lateralis were also very rich in dopamine.
Lesion placement in the Nucleus septalis lateralis resulted in a moderate increase in basal corticosteronemia.
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